February opened with Brent crude trading at approximately $66/bbl. During the first half of the month, structural oversupply concerns continued to cap upside momentum, while intermittent geopolitical risks and U.S. weather-related supply disruptions provided underlying support. As a result, prices remained broadly range-bound between $66 and $69 per barrel.
OPEC+ compliance remained largely intact; however, the group refrained from signalling deeper production intervention despite softer pricing. This reinforced market expectations that producers are currently prepared to tolerate lower price levels in order to preserve market share rather than aggressively defend price.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) maintained its forecast of a 3.7 million bpd market surplus and revised down its global oil demand growth projection to 850,000 bpd for the year, an 8.6% reduction from the previous month’s outlook. This revision further strengthened the prevailing narrative of supply outpacing demand.
In the second half of February, geopolitical tensions intensified and shifted market sentiment. Escalating friction between the United States and Iran drove renewed risk premium into crude markets. Iranian state media reported that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had commenced military exercises in the Strait of Hormuz, while U.S. naval forces increased their presence in the region.
Diplomatic negotiations between the two sides failed to reach a resolution. On 28 February, the United States and Israel launched what was described as a “massive” and ongoing strike targeting elements of Iran’s leadership and military infrastructure. Reports indicated that Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, was killed in the operation. The developments significantly heightened regional instability concerns and injected substantial volatility into oil markets heading into month-end.